Quiz 1:
Anterior belly of digastrics: Suprahyoid muscle
Insertion – internal surface of the mandible
Innervation – nerve to the mylohyoid off inferior alveolar nerve
Thyrohyoid – Infrahyoid (strap muscles)
Origin – thyroid cartilage
Insertion – hyoid bone
Innervation – C1-C2 via hypoglossal nerve
Trapezius –
Innervation – spinal accessory nerve
Obicularis Oris:
Closes mouth
Procerus: VII
Risorius:
Retracts angle of mouth
Pterygomandibular Raphe:
Origin of Buccinator and Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Attached to hamulus and mandible
Philtrum:
Vertical groove from upper lip to nasal septum
Vestibule:
Area of oral cavity between teeth and cheeks
Mylohyoid Nerve:
Innervates the mylohyoid (CN V)
Facial Nerve: VII
Innervates – Posterior belly of digastrics, stylohyoid, platysma
Lingual Nerve: V
Passes between the mylohyoid and hypoglossal muscles
Vagus Nerve:
In carotid sheath with internal jugular vein and common carotid
Branches: Superior Laryngeal nerve – External branch innervates cricothyroid
Internal Branch – Through thyrohyoid membrane – Sensory to Laryngeal mucosa above true vocal cords
Pharyngeal Branch – Motor to pharyngeal muscles, sensory to pharyngeal mucus membranes
Recurrent Laryngeal Branch – Motor to vocal muscles, sensory to mucus membrane below true vocal cords
Hypoglossal Nerve: VII
Carries branches of C1-C2 to ansa cervicalis – thyrohyoid muscle, geniohyoid
Trigeminal Nerve: Sensory to face
Opthalmic Division V1 – Frontal: Supraorbital, supratrochlear; lacrimal, infratrochlear, external nasal
Maxillary Division V2 – Infraorbital, zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial
Mandibular Division V3 – Auriculotemporal, buccal, mental – off inferior alveolar, supplies chin and lip
Ansa Cervicalis:
Innervates Infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thryohyoid, omohyoid
Loop on anterior surface of internal jugular: Decendens Hypoglossi (C1-C2) superior root (with hypoglossal nerve), Descendens Cervicalis (C2-C3) inferior root
Glassopharyngeal Nerve: IX
Carotid sinus and body
Anterior Primary Rami of C2-C3:
Lesser occipital and Greater Auricular Nerves
Common Carotid:
In carotid sheath with internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
Upper level of thyroid divides into: Internal and External carotids
-Carotid body: O2 levels, to medulla via glassopharyngeal and vagus nerves
-Carotid sinus: Blood pressure, to medulla via glassopharyngeal
Quiz 2:
Mastoid process: temporal bone
Condylar process: mandible
Posterior border of infratemporal fossa
Insertion of Lateral Pterygoid muscle
Acromion process:
Foramen Ovale:
Mandibular Foramen:
Inferior alveolar nerve passes through
Foramen Rotundum:
Medial Pterygoid:
Origin – medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion – medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
Innervation – Main trunk mandibular division (V3) trigeminal nerve
Action – Closes mouth
Masseter:
Origin – zygomatic arch
Insertion – lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible
Action – closes mouth
Temporalis:
Origin – temporal fossa
Insertion – coronoid process of mandible
Action – closes mouth
Chorda Tympani: submandibular ganglion
In infratemporal fossa joins (?) lingual nerve
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and taste fibers for anterior 2/3 of tongue
Greater Petrosal Nerve:
Auriculotemporal Nerve:
Posterior division of Mandibular (V3) branch Trigeminal Nerve
1-4 roots; if two they will encircle the middle meningeal artery
Receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from Otic Ganglion (to Parotid Gland)
Lingual Nerve:
Receives the chorda tympani nerve – preganglionic parasympathetic – Geniculate Ganglion
Inferior Alveolar Nerve:
Gives off nerve to mylohyoid
Sensory to lower teeth and skin on chin via mental nerve
Sella turcica:
Diaphragma sellae forms the roof
Petrous Layer:
Arachnoid granulations:
Project into dural sinuses to return CSF to blood
Cavernous Sinus:
Each side of sella turcica. Flows into inferior petrosal sinus to jugular vein
Sigmoid Sinus:
Connects transverse sinuses with internal jugular vein
Falx cerebelli:
Between cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium Cerebelli:
Separates occipital lobes of cerebrum from cerebellum
Mesensephalon:
Midbrain. CN 3 and 4
Metencephalon:
Pons and cerebellum. CN 5-8
Myelencephalon:
Medulla. CN 9-12
Vertebral Arteries:
Enter cranium through foramen magnum.
Form basilar artery
Middle Cerebral Arteries:
Largest of two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery
Anterior Cerebral Arteries:
Smaller of two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery.
Anterior communicating artery
Quiz 3:
Optic: II
Sensory – exits through optic foramen
Sensory – three branches
Lacrimal: through superior orbital fissure outside of tendinous ring; receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from zygomatic nerve
Frontal: largest; through superior orbital fissure outside of tendinous ring; Divides into supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
Nasociliary: though sof and outside ring; Long and short ciliary terminal branches; post and ant ethmoidal and infratrochlear.
Ciliary Ganglion:
Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from CN III
Postganglionic pass from ganglion as postganglionic (short ciliary Nerves) - - -MOTOR (constrict pupil)
Long ciliary nerves – pass through ganglion without synapsing (sympathetic vasomotor)
Occulomotor Nerve: III
Enters through superior orbital division and through common tendinous ring.
Superior division: SR and levator palpebrae superioris
Inferior division: MR, IR, IO, ciliary ganglion
Lacrimal Papillae:
Medial angle of eye
Nasolacrimal duct:
Opening in inferior meatus of nasal cavity - - tears drain through
Lacrimal Duct:
Drain the lacrimal gland
Canthus:
Medial or lateral angle of palpebral fissure
Piriform Recesses:
Situated on both sides of the larynx
Stylopharyngeus:
Origin: styloid process
Enters pharynx between superior and middle constrictors
Innervation: glossopharyngeal nerve
Superior Laryngeal Nerve:
Internal branch – pierces thyrohyoid membrane; sensory and parasymp to supraglottic mucosa
External branch – motor to cricothyroid and inferior pharyngeal constrictors |